E.V. Ramasamy, commonly known as Periyar, was an influential Indian social reformer and activist born on September 17, 1879. He is best known for his efforts to promote rationalism, self-respect, and social equality, particularly for the Dalit community and women. Ramasamy founded the Self-Respect Movement in the 1920s, which aimed to challenge the caste system and advocate for the rights of marginalized groups. Ramasamy was also a prominent critic of Hindu orthodoxy and religious dogma, emphasizing the importance of reason and scientific thinking. He established the Dravidar Kazhagam political party to further his social reform agenda. His legacy continues to influence contemporary discussions on caste and social justice in India.