Dyspareunia is a medical term that refers to persistent or recurrent pain during sexual intercourse. This condition can affect both men and women, but it is more commonly reported among women. The pain can occur before, during, or after intercourse and may be caused by various factors, including physical, psychological, or emotional issues. Common physical causes of dyspareunia include infections, hormonal changes, or medical conditions such as vulvodynia or endometriosis. Psychological factors, such as anxiety or past trauma, can also contribute to the experience of pain during sex. Treatment options vary and may involve medical intervention, therapy, or lifestyle changes.