The Dukes of Saxony were rulers of the historical region of Saxony in Germany, holding power from the early Middle Ages until the 19th century. They played a significant role in the political landscape of the Holy Roman Empire, often engaging in conflicts and alliances with other noble families. The title of Duke of Saxony was first established in the 10th century, with notable figures like Henry the Lion and Albert the Bold. Over time, the duchy was divided into various territories, leading to the emergence of different lines of dukes, including the Wettin dynasty, which significantly influenced the region's history.