The Dukes of Saxe-Meiningen were a noble family that ruled the small German duchy of Saxe-Meiningen from the 17th century until the end of the monarchy in 1918. They were known for their contributions to the arts, particularly in theater, and for their progressive governance, which included social reforms and infrastructure development. The most notable duke was Georg II, who reigned from 1866 to 1914. He is often credited with establishing the Meiningen Court Theatre, which became famous for its innovative productions and emphasis on realism. The dukes played a significant role in the cultural life of Germany during their reign.