Duke Ludwig III of Bavaria was born on January 7, 1845, and became the last reigning Duke of Bavaria. He ruled from 1913 until the end of the monarchy in 1918, during a time of significant political change in Germany. Ludwig was known for his interest in the arts and culture, contributing to the development of Bavarian heritage. During his reign, Ludwig faced challenges such as World War I and the subsequent social upheaval. Following the war, he abdicated the throne and went into exile. He passed away on October 18, 1921, in Bavaria, leaving behind a legacy tied to the region's history.