Maximilian II of Bavaria was a German king who reigned from 1848 until his death in 1864. He was known for his progressive policies and efforts to modernize the kingdom. Maximilian was a patron of the arts and sciences, promoting cultural development in Bavaria. He was the son of King Ludwig I of Bavaria and was deeply interested in education and social reform. Maximilian's reign saw the establishment of various institutions and infrastructure projects, contributing to the economic growth of Bavaria during the 19th century. His leadership helped shape the region's identity in a rapidly changing Europe.