The Duchy of Modena was a historical state in northern Italy, part of the larger region of Emilia-Romagna. It existed from the 14th century until 1859, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Italy. The duchy was ruled by the House of Este, a noble family that played a significant role in the region's politics and culture. The capital of the duchy was the city of Modena, known for its rich history and architectural heritage. The duchy was characterized by its agricultural economy and was famous for producing balsamic vinegar. Its strategic location made it an important center for trade and military activities in the region.