Drilling mud, also known as drilling fluid, is a mixture used in the drilling of oil and gas wells. Its primary purpose is to lubricate and cool the drill bit, remove rock cuttings from the wellbore, and maintain pressure to prevent blowouts. The composition of drilling mud can vary, but it typically includes water, clay, and various additives to enhance its properties. There are two main types of drilling mud: water-based mud and oil-based mud. Water-based mud is more environmentally friendly and easier to clean up, while oil-based mud offers better performance in certain conditions, such as high temperatures and pressures. The choice of drilling mud depends on the specific requirements of the drilling operation.