Water-based mud is a type of drilling fluid primarily composed of water, clay, and various additives. It is commonly used in the drilling of oil and gas wells to help cool the drill bit, remove cuttings, and maintain pressure in the wellbore. The water serves as the main carrier fluid, while the clay provides viscosity and stability. This mud is favored for its environmental benefits, as it is less toxic compared to oil-based mud. Additionally, water-based mud is easier to handle and dispose of, making it a popular choice in many drilling operations. Its effectiveness and lower environmental impact contribute to its widespread use in the industry.