Dona Maria I of Portugal was the first queen regnant of Portugal, ruling from 1777 until her death in 1816. Born on December 17, 1734, she was the daughter of King Joseph I of Portugal and Queen Mariana of Austria. Maria I became queen after her father's death and was known for her efforts to modernize the country and improve its economy. During her reign, Maria I faced significant challenges, including political instability and the effects of the Napoleonic Wars. She struggled with mental health issues, which led to her son, Prince John, acting as regent. Despite these difficulties, her reign marked a period of cultural and social change in Portugal.