Discourse markers are words or phrases that help organize and connect ideas in spoken or written language. They guide the flow of conversation, indicating relationships between thoughts, such as contrast, addition, or emphasis. Common examples include "however," "therefore," and "for example." These markers enhance clarity and coherence, making it easier for listeners or readers to follow the speaker's or writer's argument. They can signal changes in topic, introduce new points, or summarize previous information. Understanding discourse markers is essential for effective communication in various contexts, including academic writing and everyday conversation.