Demosthenes was an ancient Greek statesman and orator, born in 384 BCE in Athens. He is best known for his powerful speeches against the expansion of Macedonia under Philip II and later his son, Alexander the Great. His oratory skills made him a prominent figure in Athenian politics, advocating for the independence of Greek city-states. Despite facing challenges, including a speech impediment, Demosthenes worked hard to improve his public speaking abilities. He is often regarded as one of the greatest orators in history, and his works, particularly the Philippics, continue to be studied for their rhetorical techniques and historical significance.