Deformation mechanisms refer to the processes that materials undergo when subjected to stress or strain. These mechanisms can include elastic deformation, where materials return to their original shape after the stress is removed, and plastic deformation, where materials permanently change shape. Understanding these mechanisms helps engineers design structures that can withstand forces without failing. Different materials exhibit various deformation mechanisms based on their properties. For instance, metals often show ductility, allowing them to stretch and bend without breaking, while ceramics tend to be brittle and fracture under stress. By studying these behaviors, scientists can improve material performance in applications like construction and manufacturing.