Cytopathology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the study of individual cells to diagnose diseases, particularly cancer. By examining cells from various body fluids or tissues, pathologists can identify abnormal changes that may indicate illness. This process often involves techniques like fine needle aspiration and Pap smears, which help in early detection and treatment. In cytopathology, samples are collected from areas such as the cervix, lungs, or thyroid gland. The analysis of these cells allows doctors to determine the presence of infections, inflammatory conditions, or malignancies. This field plays a crucial role in patient care by guiding treatment decisions based on cellular changes.