Cytology is the branch of biology that focuses on the study of cells, which are the basic building blocks of all living organisms. It examines the structure, function, and behavior of cells, helping scientists understand how they grow, divide, and interact. This field is essential for various applications, including medical diagnostics and research, as it provides insights into diseases like cancer. In cytology, techniques such as microscopy and staining are used to visualize cells and their components. By analyzing cell samples, researchers can identify abnormalities and determine the health of tissues. This knowledge is crucial for developing treatments and improving patient care.