Cyber operations refer to activities conducted in cyberspace to protect, exploit, or disrupt information systems and networks. These operations can involve offensive actions, such as hacking into systems to gather intelligence or disable services, as well as defensive measures to safeguard against cyber threats. Governments, military organizations, and private companies often engage in cyber operations to enhance their security posture and respond to cyber incidents. Key components of these operations include cybersecurity, malware analysis, and incident response, all aimed at maintaining the integrity and availability of digital information.