Crop models are mathematical representations that simulate the growth and development of plants under various environmental conditions. They help researchers and farmers predict how crops will respond to factors like weather, soil type, and management practices. By using these models, users can make informed decisions about planting times, irrigation, and fertilization. These models can vary in complexity, from simple equations to sophisticated computer simulations. They are valuable tools in agriculture for optimizing yields and improving sustainability. Crop models also play a crucial role in assessing the impacts of climate change on food production and ensuring food security.