The Constitution of Iran was adopted in 1979 following the Islamic Revolution, which replaced the monarchy with an Islamic Republic. It establishes the framework for the country's political system, emphasizing the role of Islam and the Supreme Leader as the highest authority. The Constitution outlines the rights of citizens, the structure of government, and the responsibilities of various institutions. The document consists of 12 chapters and 175 articles, detailing the powers of the President, the Parliament (Majlis), and the Guardian Council. It aims to balance Islamic principles with democratic elements, although the interpretation of these principles often influences political dynamics in Iran.