The Constitution of Cadiz, enacted in 1812, was a significant document in Spanish history, marking the first liberal constitution of Spain. It emerged during the Peninsular War when Spain was occupied by Napoleon Bonaparte's forces. The constitution aimed to establish a constitutional monarchy, emphasizing individual rights, the separation of powers, and national sovereignty. The Cortes de Cádiz, a legislative assembly, drafted the constitution, reflecting Enlightenment ideals. Although it was repealed in 1814 after the return of King Ferdinand VII, the constitution influenced future political movements in Spain and Latin America, promoting the idea of constitutional governance and civil liberties.