King Ferdinand VII was the King of Spain who reigned during two separate periods: from 1808 to 1813 and again from 1814 to 1833. He was born on October 14, 1784, and became king after the abdication of his father, Charles IV. His reign was marked by political turmoil, including the Peninsular War and the loss of many Spanish colonies in the Americas. Ferdinand VII is often remembered for his conservative policies and resistance to liberal reforms. After returning to the throne in 1814, he dissolved the Cortes and reinstated absolute monarchy, leading to widespread discontent. His reign ended with his death on September 29, 1833, which sparked a succession crisis.