The Cortes de Cádiz were a legislative assembly established in 1810 during the Peninsular War in Spain. They convened in the city of Cádiz to create a constitution and address the governance of Spain and its colonies. This assembly was significant as it represented a shift towards liberalism and the idea of national sovereignty. In 1812, the Cortes de Cádiz produced the Constitution of 1812, also known as "La Pepa." This document aimed to limit the power of the monarchy and promote civil rights, including freedom of speech and equality before the law. The constitution influenced future democratic movements in Spain and Latin America.