Congenital anomalies, also known as birth defects, are structural or functional abnormalities that occur during fetal development. These conditions can affect various parts of the body, including the heart, brain, and limbs. They can result from genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both, and may vary in severity from mild to life-threatening. Some common types of congenital anomalies include cleft lip and palate, spina bifida, and congenital heart defects. Early diagnosis and intervention can improve outcomes for affected individuals. Treatment options may include surgery, medication, or therapy, depending on the specific anomaly and its impact on health.