The Commonwealth of Australia is a sovereign nation located in the Southern Hemisphere, comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest country in the world by total area and is known for its diverse landscapes, ranging from beaches to deserts and rainforests. The capital city is Canberra, while major cities include Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane. Australia operates as a parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy, recognizing King Charles III as the head of state. The country is divided into six states and two territories, each with its own government. Australia is known for its rich cultural heritage, including the traditions of its Indigenous peoples, and is a member of various international organizations, including the United Nations.