Colonial Uganda refers to the period when Uganda was under British rule from the late 19th century until 1962. The British established control over the region through treaties and military force, leading to the formation of the Uganda Protectorate in 1894. This era saw significant changes in governance, infrastructure, and the economy, with the introduction of cash crops like coffee and cotton. During colonial rule, the British implemented a system of indirect rule, utilizing local leaders to maintain order. This approach often favored certain ethnic groups, leading to tensions among communities. The colonial period also saw the spread of Christianity and Western education, which influenced Ugandan society and culture.