Coalition Theory is a concept in game theory that studies how groups, or coalitions, form and operate to achieve common goals. It examines the strategies that individuals or entities use to collaborate, share resources, and maximize their collective benefits while considering the interests of each member. This theory is often applied in various fields, including politics, economics, and social sciences, to analyze how alliances are formed and maintained. It helps explain phenomena such as voting behavior, negotiations, and market competition, providing insights into the dynamics of cooperation and conflict among different parties.