"Civilization: The West and the Rest" is a book by Niall Ferguson that explores the historical differences between Western civilizations and other cultures. Ferguson argues that Western societies have developed unique advantages, such as economic growth, political freedom, and scientific progress, which have contributed to their global dominance. The book examines various factors that have shaped these civilizations, including colonialism, industrialization, and cultural values. Ferguson also discusses the challenges faced by non-Western societies in adopting Western practices and the implications for global power dynamics in the modern world.