The term "Chinese Civil Wars" primarily refers to two major conflicts in China during the 20th century. The first occurred from 1927 to 1949, primarily between the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). This struggle aimed to control China and resulted in the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, leading to the KMT retreating to Taiwan. The second civil war, often considered a continuation of the first, involved various factions and regional warlords. It was marked by intense fighting and shifting alliances, ultimately solidifying the CCP's power. The wars significantly shaped modern China's political landscape and its relations with the world.