Chile saltpeter, also known as sodium nitrate, is a naturally occurring mineral found primarily in the Atacama Desert of Chile. It has been mined since the 19th century and was a significant export for the country. This compound is used mainly as a fertilizer due to its high nitrogen content, which is essential for plant growth. In addition to its agricultural uses, Chile saltpeter has applications in the production of explosives and food preservation. Its unique properties make it valuable in various industries, contributing to both economic growth and agricultural productivity in regions where it is utilized.