Nitrates are chemical compounds that contain nitrogen and oxygen, typically represented by the formula NO3. They are commonly found in fertilizers, which help plants grow by providing essential nutrients. Nitrates can also occur naturally in soil and water, often as a result of organic matter decomposition. In the environment, nitrates can contribute to water pollution, leading to issues like eutrophication, where excessive nutrients cause harmful algal blooms. These blooms can deplete oxygen in water, harming aquatic life. Monitoring nitrate levels is important for maintaining healthy ecosystems and ensuring safe drinking water.