Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to other organ systems, often the kidneys. It typically occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy and can lead to serious health issues for both the mother and baby if not managed properly. Symptoms may include swelling, sudden weight gain, headaches, and changes in vision. The exact cause of preeclampsia is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve problems with the placenta. Risk factors include first-time pregnancy, a history of high blood pressure, and certain medical conditions. Early detection and management are crucial to ensure the health of both mother and child.