Chemical synapses are specialized junctions that allow neurons to communicate with each other. When an electrical signal, or action potential, reaches the end of a neuron, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters from vesicles into the synaptic cleft, the small gap between neurons. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the surface of the receiving neuron, leading to a change in its electrical state. This process is essential for transmitting signals throughout the nervous system, influencing everything from muscle movement to mood regulation. Common neurotransmitters include serotonin, dopamine, and acetylcholine, each playing unique roles in various physiological functions and behaviors.