Charles-Philippe, Count of Artois (1757-1836), was a French nobleman and a member of the royal family of the House of Bourbon. He was the younger brother of King Louis XVI and played a significant role during the French Revolution, initially fleeing to England and later to Austria. After the fall of the monarchy, Charles-Philippe became known as Charles X when he ascended to the throne in 1824. His reign was marked by attempts to restore the absolute monarchy, which ultimately led to his abdication in 1830 following the July Revolution. He spent his later years in exile in Scotland and Germany.