Charles XIII of Sweden was born on October 7, 1809, and became king in 1809 after the abdication of Charles XIV John. He was the last king of the House of Holstein-Gottorp and ruled during a time of significant political change in Sweden. His reign was marked by the adoption of a new constitution in 1809, which established a parliamentary system. During his rule, Charles XIII faced challenges such as the Napoleonic Wars and the subsequent need for military reforms. He is also known for his efforts to modernize Sweden's economy and infrastructure, laying the groundwork for future development. He died on February 5, 1818.