Central Asian politics is shaped by the five independent countries of the region: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. These nations emerged after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and have since navigated their political landscapes, often influenced by their historical ties, ethnic diversity, and economic needs. Governance varies across the region, with some countries like Kazakhstan adopting more authoritarian practices, while others, such as Kyrgyzstan, have experienced political upheaval and democratic movements. Regional cooperation is often facilitated through organizations like the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Eurasian Economic Union.