The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is a political, economic, and military alliance founded in 2001. It includes countries like China, India, Russia, and several Central Asian nations. The organization aims to promote regional stability, security, and economic cooperation among its member states. The SCO focuses on combating terrorism, separatism, and extremism while fostering trade and cultural exchanges. It also conducts joint military exercises and collaborates on various issues, including energy security and environmental protection, enhancing cooperation among its diverse member countries.