Celestine III was a pope who served from 1191 to 1198. Born as Giovanni di Stotz, he was elected to the papacy during a time of political turmoil in Italy. His papacy is noted for its efforts to mediate conflicts between various factions, including the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Sicily. During his reign, Celestine III also focused on church reform and the promotion of the Crusades. He supported the efforts to reclaim the Holy Land and worked to strengthen the authority of the papacy. His leadership helped to stabilize the church during a challenging period in medieval history.