The Kingdom of Sicily was a historical state located on the island of Sicily and parts of southern Italy. Established in the 11th century, it became a significant center of culture and trade in the Mediterranean. The kingdom was known for its diverse population, including Arabs, Normans, and Byzantines, which contributed to a rich cultural heritage. Throughout its history, the Kingdom of Sicily experienced various rulers, including the Norman kings and the Hohenstaufen dynasty. It played a crucial role in the political landscape of medieval Europe, influencing trade routes and cultural exchanges until it was eventually absorbed into the Spanish Empire in the 16th century.