Cave studies involve the scientific examination of caves and their formations, ecosystems, and geological processes. Researchers analyze various aspects, such as the mineral composition of cave walls, the types of organisms that inhabit these environments, and the effects of water flow on cave structures. This field of study helps us understand the Earth's history and the processes that shape its landscape. Additionally, cave studies often include the exploration of karst topography, which is characterized by limestone formations and underground drainage systems. These studies can also provide insights into climate change by examining sediment layers and fossil records found within caves, revealing past environmental conditions.