Cave formation primarily occurs through a process called karstification, where water erodes soluble rocks like limestone. Rainwater, slightly acidic from dissolved carbon dioxide, seeps into the ground and begins to dissolve the rock over thousands of years, creating underground voids and passages. As these voids expand, they can develop into larger caves. Stalactites and stalagmites may form from mineral deposits as water drips and evaporates within the cave. This ongoing process can lead to the creation of intricate cave systems, showcasing unique geological features and ecosystems.