The Catiline Conspiracy was a plot led by the Roman senator Lucius Sergius Catilina in 63 BCE to overthrow the Roman Republic. Catiline aimed to assassinate several senators and seize power, capitalizing on social unrest and economic difficulties. His plan was exposed by the consul Cicero, who delivered a series of speeches denouncing Catiline's intentions. Cicero's actions led to the arrest and execution of several conspirators. The conspiracy highlighted the political tensions in Rome and the struggle between the ruling elite and the disenfranchised. Ultimately, the failure of the Catiline Conspiracy reinforced the authority of the Senate and Cicero's reputation as a defender of the Republic.