The "Caroline era" refers to a period in English history during the reign of King Charles I from 1625 to 1649. This era is characterized by the flourishing of arts and culture, particularly in literature and theater, with notable figures such as John Milton and Ben Jonson emerging during this time. The period also saw the rise of the Stuart monarchy's power and conflicts with Parliament. The Caroline era was marked by political tensions that eventually led to the English Civil War. King Charles I's belief in the divine right of kings clashed with the growing demand for parliamentary power. This conflict ultimately resulted in his execution in 1649, ending the era and leading to a brief period of republican rule under Oliver Cromwell.