Cardiothoracic refers to the medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the heart and chest. This field encompasses surgeries and procedures related to the heart, lungs, and other structures within the thoracic cavity. Cardiothoracic surgeons are trained to perform complex operations, such as heart bypass surgery and lung resections. In addition to surgical interventions, cardiothoracic medicine includes non-surgical treatments for various cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Specialists in this field work closely with other healthcare professionals to manage conditions like coronary artery disease and lung cancer, ensuring comprehensive care for patients with thoracic issues.