A thoracic surgeon is a medical doctor who specializes in surgeries involving the chest, including the lungs, heart, and other structures within the thoracic cavity. They perform operations to treat conditions such as lung cancer, heart disease, and esophageal disorders. These surgeons undergo extensive training, including medical school, a general surgery residency, and a specialized fellowship in thoracic surgery. In addition to performing surgeries, thoracic surgeons also diagnose and manage various chest-related diseases. They work closely with other healthcare professionals, such as pulmonologists and cardiologists, to provide comprehensive care for patients with complex conditions affecting the thorax.