Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs when the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart, become narrowed or blocked. This is often due to a buildup of fatty deposits, known as plaque, on the artery walls. As the arteries narrow, the heart may not receive enough oxygen-rich blood, leading to chest pain or discomfort, known as angina. If the plaque ruptures, it can cause a blood clot to form, potentially leading to a heart attack. Risk factors for CAD include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle. Early detection and lifestyle changes can help manage and reduce the risk of this condition.