Cardinal Newman, also known as John Henry Newman, was a prominent 19th-century theologian and writer. Born in 1801 in London, he initially was a leader in the Oxford Movement, which sought to reform the Church of England. His writings emphasized the importance of conscience and the role of tradition in faith. In 1845, Newman converted to Roman Catholicism and was later ordained as a priest. He became a cardinal in 1879 and was known for his influential works, including "Apologia Pro Vita Sua." Newman was canonized as a saint in 2019, recognized for his contributions to theology and education.