John Henry Newman (1801-1890) was an English theologian and cardinal known for his influential role in the Oxford Movement, which sought to reform the Church of England. He emphasized the importance of tradition and the development of doctrine, advocating for a deeper understanding of faith. In 1845, Newman converted to Roman Catholicism, becoming a prominent figure in the church. He founded the Oratory of St. Philip Neri in Birmingham and wrote several significant works, including "Apologia Pro Vita Sua." Newman was canonized as a saint by the Catholic Church in 2019, recognizing his contributions to theology and education.