Capsicum annuum, commonly known as pepper, is a species of flowering plant in the nightshade family, Solanaceae. It is native to the Americas and is widely cultivated for its edible fruits, which can be sweet or hot. Varieties include bell peppers, jalapeños, and cayenne peppers, each differing in flavor and heat level. The fruits of Capsicum annuum contain capsaicin, the compound responsible for their spiciness. This species is not only popular in culinary uses but also has potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory properties and antioxidant effects. It is commonly used in various cuisines around the world.