The Caledonian Forest is a native woodland ecosystem found in the Scottish Highlands. It primarily consists of ancient trees such as Scots pine, birch, and rowan, which provide habitat for various wildlife species. This forest type is characterized by its rich biodiversity and unique flora, including mosses and lichens. Historically, the Caledonian Forest covered much of Scotland but has significantly diminished due to logging and land use changes. Conservation efforts are underway to restore and protect this vital ecosystem, promoting the growth of native species and enhancing the habitat for animals like the red squirrel and capercaillie.