Cage molecules are unique structures in chemistry that resemble a three-dimensional cage. They are formed by the arrangement of atoms or groups of atoms in a way that creates an enclosed space. These molecules can trap other smaller molecules or ions inside, making them useful in various applications, including drug delivery and gas storage. One well-known example of cage molecules is clathrates, which can encapsulate guest molecules within their lattice structure. Another example is fullerenes, which are spherical arrangements of carbon atoms. The ability of cage molecules to contain other substances opens up possibilities for innovative materials and technologies.