C5H4O3 is the chemical formula for a compound known as furan-2,5-dione, commonly referred to as maleic anhydride. It is a colorless or white solid that is used in various industrial applications, including the production of resins, plastics, and agricultural chemicals. Maleic anhydride is also a key intermediate in the synthesis of several organic compounds. This compound is produced through the oxidation of benzene or the catalytic oxidation of butane. Maleic anhydride is known for its reactivity, particularly in forming adducts with water and other nucleophiles. It is important in the manufacture of copolymers and as a building block in organic synthesis.